مدل معادلات ساختاری تفاوت های فردی، متغییرهای زبانی، و اجتماعی در پیش بینی روانی، دقت، پیچیدگی، و تلفظ صحبت کردن جوانان ایرانی مهاجر در کانادا

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی(عادی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آموزش زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه پیام نور‌، تهران، ایران

2 گروه آموزش زبان انگلیسی، دانشگاه پیام نور‌، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه نقش سن ورود، طول اقامت، میزان و نوع ورودی، غنای زبانی و سابقه تحصیلی والدین را در پیش‌بینی روان گفتاری، دقت، پیچیدگی و تلفظ ایرانیان مهاجر بررسی کرد. بدین منظور 108 زبان‌آموز ایرانی -کانادایی که از طریق آزمون CELPIP-General همگن شده بودند، بر اساس نمونه‌گیری در دسترس پرسشنامه محیط زبان آلبرتا را تکمیل و در آزمون گفتاری شرکت کردند. عملکرد گفتاریشان بر اساس روانی ویگلزورث و استورچ (2009)، دقت استورچ و ویگلزورث (2007) و پیچیدگی اسکهان (2009) ارزیابی شد. تلفظ نیز بر اساس مدل لینگوا فرانکا جنکینز (2000) اندازه‌گیری شد. مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) و تصویر شماتیک مدل فرضی را تایید کرد (x^2⁄df= .037 RMSEA=.043; RMR =.01; GFI = .95; AGFI =.74; NFI =.70; CFI =.79; IFI =.88; TLI=.89) و نشان داد که سن ورود، تحصیل در زبان دوم، و فعالیت های زبان-آموزی غنی به زبان دوم می‌تواند تسلط، دقت، پیچیدگی و تلفظ را پیش‌بینی کند، اما، طول اقامت نقش معنادار پیش‌بینی‌کننده ای در خصوص پیچیدگی و تلفظ نداشت. ورودی خروجی خواهر و برادر می‌توانست دقت صحبت کردن را پیش‌بینی کند، و تحصیلات مادر به طور قابل‌توجهی پیچیدگی گفتار را پیش‌بینی می‌کرد. یافته ها از فرضیه سن بحرانی ، نقش سن ورود در توسعه دوزبانگی و اثربخشی آموزش زبان دوم پشتیبانی می کند. نتایج همچنین عدم نقش معنی دار تحصیلات پدر و مادر و ورودی/خروجی والدین را در پیش‌بینی متغیرهای توانایی گفتاری مهاجران ایرانی را نشان داد. بر اساس یافته‌ها والدین باید تعداد فعالیت‌های زبان دوم را به حداکثر برسانند و قبل از سن بحرانی مهاجرت کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Structural Equation Modeling of the Individual, Linguistic, and Social Variables in Predicting Iranian Young Adult Immigrants’ Speaking Fluency, Accuracy, Complexity, and Pronunciation in Canada

نویسندگان [English]

  • Najma Amir Soleimani 1
  • hoda Divsar 2
  • manoochehr jafarigohar 2
  • Maryam Farnia 2
1 Department of TEFL, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of TEFL, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The study investigated the role of age of arrival, length of resistance, amount and types of input, language-richness, and parents’ educational background in predicting Iranian immigrants’ speaking fluency, accuracy, complexity, and pronunciation. Homogenized through the CELPIP-General Test, 108 Iranian intermediate EFL learners in Canada were selected based on the availability sampling to complete the Alberta Language Environment Questionnaire (ALEQ) and participated in a speaking test. The performances were assessed based on Wigglesworth and Storch’s (2009) fluency, Storch and Wigglesworth’s (2007) accuracy, and Skehan’s (2009) complexity. Pronunciation was measured according to Jenkins’ (2000) Lingua Franca Core (LFC). The structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the schematic illustration confirmed the hypothesized model (x^2⁄df= .037 RMSEA=.043; RMR =.01; GFI = .95; AGFI =.74; NFI =.70; CFI =.79; IFI =.88; TLI=.89) revealing that age of arrival (AoA), schooling in L2, and language-rich activities could predict fluency, accuracy, complexity, and pronunciation, however, LoR was a significant predictor of neither complexity nor pronunciation. While siblings' input/output could predict only speaking accuracy, maternal education significantly predicted speaking complexity. The findings supported the Critical Period Hypothesis, the significant role of AoA in the development of bilingualism, and the effectiveness of L2 instruction. The results confirmed the direction of the path model exposing the inefficacy of paternal and maternal education and parents' input/output in predicting the variances in immigrants' speaking ability. The findings suggested that parents maximize the number of activities in the second language and migrate to second-language countries before their children’s critical age.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Age of Arrival
  • Amount and Types of input
  • language-rich Activities
  • Immigrants
  • Length of Resistance
  • Pronunciation
  • Speaking

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پژوهشهای زبانشناختی در زبانهای خارجی
دوره 13، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 79-92

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