نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی(عادی)
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی آموزش زبان آلمانی
2 Professor an der Hochschule für Polizei und öffentliche Verwaltung Nordrhein-Westfalen (HSPV NRW)
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This study examined the effectiveness of online assessment in higher education in Iran and Germany. The theoretical framework was grounded in interpretive and consequential validity and the concept of constructive alignment in instructional design. Conducted between 2024 and 2025, the research employed a qualitative phenomenological approach based on the lived experiences of faculty members. Data were collected from thirteen instructors through semi-structured face-to-face interviews in Iran and open-ended qualitative and audio questionnaires in Germany. The textual and audio data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2022 software following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis. To enhance trustworthiness, data triangulation, participant review, and parallel coding by two researchers were applied. Findings revealed that, besides challenges such as exam security and cheating, reduced feedback quality, limited interaction, technical difficulties, and unequal access, participants emphasized opportunities including temporal and spatial flexibility, cost efficiency, scalability, and usefulness during crises. These themes were structured into three core components: learning-centeredness, equity, and feedback. A comparative analysis showed that although security and technical issues were common in both contexts, they were more intense in Iran due to weaker infrastructure and digital readiness. Conversely, both countries shared benefits such as flexibility, cost reduction, and improved digital competence. Based on the findings, the study suggests redesigning assessments toward open-ended and project-based tasks, developing secure local platforms, training instructors in test design, and promoting students’ digital literacy. These insights may inform educational policy, enhance assessment quality, and strengthen trust in online evaluation.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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