اثربخشی یادگیری داده-محور بر توسعه مهارت‌های نگارشی فراگیران زبان انگلیسی مهارت‌های سطح خرد در نگارش

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی(عادی)

نویسنده

گروه آموزش زبان انگلیسی واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

چکیده

هدف کلی این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر یادگیری داده-محور (DDL) بر رشد مهارت‌های نوشتاری فرا‌گیران زبان انگلیسی است. «مهارت‌های نوشتاری» در مطالعه حاضر به جنبه‌های شکلی یا ساختاری زبان، روشی که عناصر زبانی، واژه‌ها، عبارات، بندها و جملات واحدهای بزرگ‌تری از زبان را برای انتقال ایده‌ها و مفاهیم تشکیل می‌دهند، محدود می‌شود. هدف عینی‌تر پژوهش حاضر، مقایسه اثر بخشی یادگیری به روش DDLو روش تدریس متعارف ضمن بررسی معیارهای دانش اظهاری فراگیران از مطالب تدریس‌شده و نمرات تحلیلی نوشته‌های آنها بود. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های مورد نیاز از طرح تحقیقی گروه کنترل پیش‌آزمون پس‌آزمون استفاده شد. دو گروه از دانشجویان  که در درس «پاراگراف‌نویسی» شرکت می‌کردند، از لحاظ مهارت‌های نوشتاری در سطح خرد، مقایسه شدند. گروه کنترل با روش مرسوم استفاده از کتاب درسی، توضیحات معلم و تمرینات کلاس درس، آموزش دیدند. گروه آزمایش علاوه‌بر استفاده از کتب درسی، دروس تهیه‌شده براساس خطوط واژه‌نما را نیز دریافت کردند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل‌های آماری نشان داد که بین دو گروه، از نظر دانش اظهاری تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. این نتیجه را شاید بتوان بیانگر برتری دروس مبتنی‌بر DDL نسبت به کتابهای درسی متداول از نظر توسعه مهارت‌های نوشتاری زبان‌آموزان (دانش اظهاری) تعبیر کرد. نتایج مربوط به نمرات تحلیلی نشان داد که بین دو گروه از نظر «محتوا»، «واژگان» و «سازمان‌دهی» تفاوت آماری معناداری وجود ندارد. بااین‌حال، گروه DDL دانش بیشتری در «کاربرد زبانی» نشان داد که همین امر بیانگر مزیت بیشتر درس‌های مبتنی‌بر  DDLدر یادگیری و به‌کارگیری الگوهای دستور‌ زبان است. دستاوردهای عملی این تحقیق در سه حوزه مجزا اما مرتبط استفاده از پیکره‌های زبانی در آموزش زبان، استفاده از خطوط واژه‌نما در آموزش زبان و تهیه مطالب درسی مبتنی‌بر DDL در کلاس‌های زبان ارائه شده‌اند. به تهیه‌کنندگان کتب درسی همچنین توصیه شده است بخش‌های خاصی از فعالیت‌های کلاس را به مواد مبتنی‌بر DDL اختصاص دهند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Data-Driven Learning on EFL Learners' Improvement in Micro Level Skills of Writing

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehrdad Sepehri
Department of English, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The general purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of data-driven learning (DDL) on the development of English language learners' writing skills. "Writing skills" in the present study are limited to the formal or structural aspects of language, the way linguistic elements, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences form larger units of language to convey ideas and concepts. The objectives of the study were to compare the learning effects of DDL method with the conventional teaching method's effects on the measures of learners' declarative knowledge of the taught materials, and analytic scoring of their written products. A pre-test and post-test control group research design was used to collect the required data. Two groups of students who participated in the "Paragraph Writing" course were compared in terms of writing skills at the micro level. The control group was trained with the conventional method of using textbooks, teacher's explanations and classroom exercises. The experimental group, in addition to textbooks, received lessons prepared based on concordance lines. Statistical analyzes showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of declarative knowledge. This result can be interpreted as an indication of superiority of DDL-based courses over conventional textbooks in terms of learners' (declarative knowledge) writing skills development. The results of the analytical scores showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of "content", "vocabulary" and "organization". However, the DDL group showed more knowledge in "Language Use", which indicates the greater advantage of DDL-based lessons in learning and applying grammar patterns. The practical implications of this research are presented in three separate but related areas of using corpora in language instruction, applying concordancers in language education, and preparing DDL-based materials in language classes. Textbook developers are also recommended specifying certain sections of class activities to DDL-based materials.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Data-Driven Learning
  • Concordance lines
  • Micro skills of writing
  • Declarative knowledge
  • Analytic scoring

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