درآمدی بر نظام مدیریت گفتمان: نظریه ها، مدل ها، راهبردها و پژوهش ها

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی(عادی)

نویسنده

عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه اراک

چکیده

بحث اصلی این مقاله پژوهش نظام مدیریت گفتمان می‌باشد. در این گستره سه نظریۀ انسجام، ارتباط، و معرفت‌شناسی ارائه شده‌اند. در گسترۀ هر یک از نظریه‌های انسجام و ارتباط ، سه مدل ارائه شده‌است. به کمک تجزیه و تحلیل مدل‌های ششگانه و پژوهش نظرات دیگر محققان، استنباط علمی پژوهش حاضر این است که مدل فریزر (1998) از کاربرد بیشتری در هدایت پژوهش‌ها برخوردار ‌است. گرچه مدل‌های دیگر، از جمله مدل شفرین (1987)، از نظر مباحث علمی و نظری دارای جامعیت، گستردگی و پیچیدگی بیشتری هستند، ولی دارای مشکلات متعددی می‌باشند. همچنین، نتایج نشان می‌دهد که راهبردهای مدیریت سه نوع‌اند: گوینده-محور، شنونده-محور و گوینده و شنونده-محور. بعضی از راهبردها هم از مشکلاتی برخوردارند. دستاورد بعدی این مطالعه این است که از پژوهش‌های انجام شده در این گستره دارای نقاط ضعف گوناگونی بوده و به قول شفرین (2001)، نمی‌توان آن‌ها را در یک مجموعۀ جامع و در هم‌تنیدۀ نظری و اجرایی گرداوری نمود. و در پایان، مجموعه‌ای از راه‌کارهای پژوهشی، علمی، آموزشی، و کاربردی برای تسهیل، آموزش و مدیریت گفتمان پیشنهاد گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Introduction to Discourse Monitoring System: Theories,Models, Strategies, and Researches

چکیده [English]

This paper intends to investigate discourse monitoring system through the analysis of theories, models, strategies, and researches. Three theories of coherence, relevance, and norm epistemic outlook are offered. Six models are offered. The critical analysis of the models resulted in a scientific, research, and educational inference that Fraser’s (1992, 1998) model possesses the highest rate of application. Other models suffer from various practical limitations. Moreover, the study revealed that discourse monitoring strategies are speaker-oriented, hearer-oriented, and speaker\hearer-oriented. Some of them overlap and are not separate and may be mixed up. And the researches, in the area, have mostly been quantitative, discovered the type and the frequency of occurrences, have been limited to TEFL, and other languages and the relevant areas are mostly ignored. As a result, they could not support formulation of an integrated theory. And finally, some scientific, educational, research, executive, social, and managerial implications are provided to facilitate, manipulate, and influence the process of monitoring discourse.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • discourse monitoring
  • Theories
  • Models
  • strategies
  • researches
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