دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای زبانشناختی در زبانهای خارجی 2588-4123 2 2 2012 09 22 Adult and Young Language Learners' Preferences for Oral Corrective Feedback نگرش زبان‌آموزان بزرگسال و نوجوان ایرانی نسبت به دریافت بازخورد شفاهی از معلم و همکلاسی‌ها 115 135 50921 10.22059/jflr.2012.50921 FA شیوا کیوان پناه هیات علمی دانشکده زبانها و ادبیات خارجی دانشگاه تهران سید محمد علوی دانشگاه تهران سجاد سپهری نیا University Of Tehran Journal Article 2013 04 23 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 98%;">Recent interaction studies have<br />focused on the relationship between interactional feedback and L2 development.<br />Despite the large body of knowledge in this regard, few studies have examined<br />learners’ preferences for interactional feedback. Besides, different findings<br />have been reported concerning learners’ preferences for feedback and none has<br />examined the factors accounting for the variation in the results.Thus, the<br />present study considered the role of age in forming language learners’<br />preferences for oral corrective feedback. A feedback questionnaire was<br />distributed among 136 language learners. The results confirmed the relationship<br />between age of the learners and their preferences. While adults were more<br />inclined towards only-teacher feedback, younger learners were more in favor of<br />peer feedback. Adults also had a higher preference for implicit recast while<br />younger learners were more positively oriented towards explicit recast. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-font-width: 98%;">The results suggested the need for teachers to take into<br />consideration learner characteristics and their perceptions when correcting<br />their errors. </span> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">باوجود حجم زیاد مطالعات انجام شده در<br />زمینۀ بازخورد مقابله</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">ای، محققان معدودی به بررسی نگرش<br />زبان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">آموزان به این نوع بازخورد پرداخته</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">اند و همین مطالعات اندک نیز نتایج مختلف<br />و گاه متضادی دربرداشته است. در عین حال، هیچ پژوهشی برای یافتن عوامل موثر بر شکل</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">گیری این نگرش</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">ها انجام نگرفته است. مطالعۀ حاضر به<br />بررسی نگرش زبان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">آموزان ایرانی به دریافت بازخورد از<br />معلم و همکلاسی</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">ها و همچنین نقش سن در نگرش آن</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">ها پرداخت. بدین منظور، پرسشنامه</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">ای میان 136 زبان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">آموز توزیع شد. نتایج حاکی از نگرش مثبت<br />زبان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">آموزان ایرانی نسبت به دریافت<br />بازخورد از همکلاسی</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">ها و همچنین وجود رابطۀ معنادار<br />میان سن زبان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">آموزان و نگرش آن</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">ها نسبت به دریافت بازخورد از همکلاسی­ها<br />و معلمان و همچنین دریافت انواع بازخورد شفاهی بود. برخلاف نوجوانان که در مقایسه<br />با بزرگسالان بیشتر به دریافت بازخورد از همکلاسی</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">های خود متمایل بودند، زبان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">آموزان بزرگسال بیشتر خواهان دریافت<br />بازخورد از معلم خود بودند. علاوه بر آن، از میان انواع بازخورد، بزرگسالان<br />بازخوردهای تلویحی را ترجیح می­دادند، در صورتی که زبان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">آموزان نوجوان مایل به دریافت بازخورد<br />واضح بودند. نتایج پژوهش حاضر بر اهمیت آگاهی مدرسان زبان نسبت به نگرش زبان</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">آموزان و عوامل موثر بر شکل</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">گیری این نگرش</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Traditional Arabic'; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt;">­</span><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-family: 'Traditional Arabic','serif'; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA; mso-no-proof: yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt;">ها دلالت دارد.</span> https://jflr.ut.ac.ir/article_50921_6db0dbdcc0d7dfc2c6292c741c45def7.pdf